Token economies rely on which key concept?

Token economies are based on the principle of using a medium of exchange to reward desired behaviors. In this system, tangible tokens are given to individuals for exhibiting specific, targeted behaviors. These tokens can later be exchanged for various reinforcers, such as privileges or items the individual values. The foundational idea is rooted in operant conditioning, where positive reinforcement strengthens desirable behavior.

By providing a clear and immediate reward that is separate from the desired outcome, token economies help individuals understand the relationship between their actions and the rewards they can earn. This clear link encourages the repetition of positive behaviors.

The other options, while relevant to behavioral strategies, do not encapsulate the core mechanics of token economies. For instance, the removal of negative stimuli pertains to a different aspect of behavior modification, and visual representations and peer reinforcement systems, while beneficial, do not form the essential structure of a token economy.