What does response cost refer to in behavior modification?

Response cost refers specifically to a behavior modification technique in which a preferred item or privilege is removed as a consequence for undesired behavior. This approach is rooted in the principles of operant conditioning, where behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. When a preferred item is taken away, it serves as a negative punishment that aims to decrease the frequency of the undesired behavior.

This method can be effective in helping individuals understand the boundaries of acceptable behavior and the consequences of their actions. It emphasizes accountability and can encourage the individual to reflect on their behavior to avoid losing valuable privileges in the future. Thus, the removal of something the individual values directly impacts their motivational structure and can lead to behavior change.

In contrast, the other options involve different strategies in behavior modification. Offering extra rewards pertains to positive reinforcement rather than negative consequences. Teaching new skills focuses on instruction and practice, which differs from the punitive nature of response cost. Lastly, a token economy system utilizes a system of rewards rather than penalties, thereby not aligning with the definition of response cost.