What effect does extinction initially have on behavior before it results in a rapid drop-off?

The concept of extinction in behavioral psychology refers to the decrease of a previously reinforced behavior when that behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequence. Initially, when a behavior is placed on extinction, there is often a temporary increase in the frequency, intensity, or variability of the behavior. This phenomenon is known as an extinction burst.

During this phase, the individual may attempt to engage in the behavior more fervently, possibly due to confusion or frustration over the absence of reinforcement. They might exhibit heightened responses, as if to "test" whether the reinforcement has truly ceased. This initial increase is a critical aspect of the extinction process, as it demonstrates the persistence of behavior in the face of changed conditions, highlighting the strength of the previous reinforcement.

Once this peak behavior subsides, a gradual decrease in the behavior will typically follow, leading to the desired outcome of extinction when the behavior is no longer exhibited. Understanding this initial increase is essential for those working in communication disorders and other behavioral contexts, as it allows for better prediction and management of behavior over time.