What type of reinforcement involves encouraging behaviors that occur at lower rates?

The correct choice is focused on a specific form of reinforcement known as Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL). This method is implemented to reinforce a behavior that is being displayed at a lower frequency rather than entirely eliminating the behavior. In this approach, an individual is rewarded for demonstrating the desired behavior less frequently, which encourages them to reduce the overall rate of that behavior to a more acceptable level.

For instance, if a child frequently shouts out answers in class, implementing DRL would involve providing reinforcement when they verbalize their answers less often, thus promoting more appropriate participation.

Other forms of reinforcement mentioned in the choices serve different purposes. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behaviors (DRI) involves encouraging a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the undesired behavior. Differential Reinforcement of Other behaviors (DRO) aims to reinforce the absence of a particular undesired behavior over a specific time frame. Lastly, Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behaviors (DRA) focuses on reinforcing a desirable alternative behavior rather than reducing the frequency of a particular undesired behavior. Each of these strategies is valuable in modifying behavior but addresses different aspects of behavior change.