Which best describes a token economy?

A token economy is a structured behavioral modification approach that utilizes tokens as a form of tangible reinforcement for specific desired behaviors. In this system, individuals earn tokens for exhibiting targeted behaviors, which they can later exchange for rewards or privileges. This method is effective in promoting positive behavior changes because it provides clear, immediate reinforcement, making the connection between the behavior and the reward explicit.

Using tokens allows for a concrete measurement of behavior, and it can motivate individuals to work towards achieving certain goals. The system can be customized to align with the needs of the individuals involved, making it applicable in various settings, such as educational environments or therapeutic contexts.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of a token economy. Focusing on verbal reinforcement highlights a different approach that relies on praise or verbal acknowledgment rather than a tangible system. Spontaneous behavior modification does not align with the structured nature of token economies, which require a planned and systematic approach. Lastly, intrinsic motivation refers to the internal motivations for behavior change, while a token economy specifically relies on external tokens as motivation, distinguishing it from systems that emphasize intrinsic rewards.