Which type of additive reinforcer includes items like sweets and fruits?

The correct choice is focused on the specific nature of the reinforcer in question. Edible reinforcers, such as sweets and fruits, refer to items that can be consumed and are often very effective in behavior modification contexts, especially in working with children or individuals with communication disorders. These types of reinforcers appeal to basic needs and preferences, making them readily effective in increasing desired behaviors.

In behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis, edible reinforcers are used because they can create positive associations with the desired behavior, encouraging repetition. The taste and immediate reward of consuming these items tends to have a strong motivational impact.

Other types of reinforcers mentioned, while valid in their contexts, do not specifically fit the description of containing items like sweets and fruits. Tangible reinforcers include physical objects that can be handled or held but are not limited to food items. Activity reinforcers involve experiences or actions, such as playing a game or going outside, while exchangeable reinforcers are those that can be traded for something of value, which can sometimes also involve edible items but isn't limited to them.